The protection of public and state interests is a fundamental principle of modern governance and rule of law. In the Republic of Azerbaijan, this concept is embedded in constitutional provisions, national legislation, and institutional practices aimed at ensuring social welfare, national security, economic stability, transparency, and citizen participation. This article provides a comprehensive academic analysis of how public and state interests are defined, safeguarded, and implemented in Azerbaijan through legal reforms, public administration mechanisms, and governance policies.

The deepening cooperation between Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan reflects broader structural shifts across the Turkic and Central Asian space. Shared historical and cultural ties are increasingly complemented by pragmatic economic interests and converging geopolitical priorities.

Editor's note: Prof. Zeev Khanin teaches at the Department of Political Studies and heads Post-Soviet Conflicts Research Program at the BESA Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan University. The article expresses the personal opinion of the author and may not coincide with the view of News.Az.

Editor's note: Nikolay Paskar is a Moldovan political scientist, former member of parliament of Moldova. The article expresses the personal opinion of the author and may not coincide with the view of News.Az.

Equinor is selling 19.5% interests in production licenses PL 048E, which is the Eirin field, and PL 1201 to PGNiG Upstream Norway AS (PGNiG).
With this, the ownership between Equinor and PNGiG in these licenses will be balanced with the Gina Krog field