Israeli intelligence agencies, together with Western partners, report a rapid acceleration of Iran’s military modernization program amid growing expectations of a renewed confrontation with Tel Aviv. According to these assessments, Tehran now views Russia as one of the most critical strategic suppliers of advanced military technology — a shift reinforced by political circumstance, sanctions pressure, and shared geopolitical interests. Israeli media, citing intelligence sources, argue that Moscow has become not just a convenient partner, but perhaps Iran’s only realistic pathway toward full-scale rearmament under current global conditions.